Formula and example
For decimal odds O, let b = O − 1, p be the model probability, and q = 1 − p. The full fraction is f = (bp − q) / b. A non-positive result is shown as zero.
Example: a 55% probability at decimal odds 2.10 produces a positive mathematical result. It is still only as reliable as the underlying probability and price, neither of which guarantees an outcome.